Agent Causation and Dualism Essay - 1633 Words

Agent Causation Dualism The discussion of free will and its compatibility with determinism comes down to one’s conception of actions. Most philosophers and physicists would agree that events have specific causes, especially events in nature. The question becomes more controversial when philosophers discuss the interaction between human beings, or agents, and the world. If one holds the belief that all actions and events are caused by prior events, it would seem as though he would be accepting determinism. For if an event has a particular cause, the event which follows must be predetermined, even if this cause relates to a decision by a human being. Agent causation becomes important for many philosophers who, like me, refuse to†¦show more content†¦As a firm believer in agent causation and a non-dualist, I’m inclined to reject Pereboom’s implication that dualism is a necessity for agent-caused events. I have reconstructed his argument as follows: 1. The basic physical laws are either deterministic or have objective counterfactual probabilities. 2. Actions that are agent-caused are either consistent with Fundamental Physical Theory or inconsistent with Fundamental Physical Theory. 3. Agent-caused actions can’t be inconsistent with basic physical laws. 4. Agent-caused actions are consistent with either a. Deterministic physical laws; or b. Indeterministic physical laws with objective counterfactual probabilities. [From 1, 3] 5. If (a) is true then there must be â€Å"cosmic coincidences.† 6. If (b) is true then there must be â€Å"cosmic coincidences.† 7. There are no cosmic coincidences. 8. There are no agent-caused actions. [From 4-7] Pereboom’s argument is tricky, but there are two places where I believe it can be dismantled, allowing agent causation to retain plausibility without accepting dualism. We must grant premise one on the basis of empirical evidence. This premise may or may not be true, but it can only be determined as a result of scientific study and for the purposes of our argument, it must be taken for granted. Premise two is an obvious logical truth and so its validity isShow MoreRelatedThe Dualists Essay1846 Words   |  8 Pagesthat? However, one theory that has been of interest to many recent scientists and philosophers alike is one that has been around since its conception by a famous mathematician and philosopher named Rene Descartes. This theory is called substance dualism; and accordingly, this theory tries to solve the mystery of how these two complex disparate entities can intermingle to create an interaction that has an effect on the material world. I hope to use the current, up-to -date research by philosophersRead MoreCritically Assess the Claim That People Are Free to Make Moral Decisions972 Words   |  4 PagesIt is because of this that our reason and autonomy, our moral self, can transcend over other causal determinants. Kant argues that by applying reason to decisions we can escape any authority from cause and effect or desires and emotions, we are the agents of our own decisions. Libertarians believe in a forking path of choices rather than the straight road of determinism. Existentialism greatly supports free will, the idea that we are responsible in ourselves for our moral behaviour and it is ourRead MoreThe Nature Of Free Will Essay2312 Words   |  10 Pagesindeed. At best to say that an agent has free will is to say that the agent has the ability and power to choose his or her course of action without constraint. What is so important about whether or not an agent has free will? Perhaps because free will is related to freedom of action and moral responsibility. If actions are a result of rational analysis, then we see that free action depends on free will. At best to say that an agent acted freely is to say that the agent successfully carried out a freeRead More The Biomedical Model of Health Essay1763 Words   |  8 Pagesmodel. Social and historical events and circumstances were an important factor in its development as explanations about disease were being found in biological systems of the body that contradicted the belief that linked causation to divine intervention or superstition. Cartesian dualism and Newtonian physics were influential in the academic world and there was a push to break away from the superstitions of the past. (Albrecht 2003 p: 15; Giddens 2009 p: 391; Barry Yuill 2008 p 31). By 1920 stateRead MoreEssay on Exploring Time Travel3046 Words   |  13 Pagesthan absurdities. Having explained the consistency of time travel with his four-dimensional ontology, Lewis goes on to elucidate how the sequence of stages from which an individual is composed could be reversed in time. This involves reverse causation -- a discrepancy between the direction of cause and the direction of time. Finally he provides a heroic attempt to defuse the threat of empirical paradox which arises because it seems that time travel would involve (or raise the possibility of) changingRead MoreComplexity Science And Systems Thinking4544 Words   |  19 Pagesmutual causality (reciprocal causation) reflects the reliance and effects that occur between the elements of a system, and systems with one another, over time. The holistic, or interdisciplinary, inquiry into the identification and engagement of complexity and systems is prevalent outside the western social and natural sciences. Buddhist philosophy, developed through empirical evidence and later though ontological and epistemological inquiry, is grounded in non-dualism and dependent origination.Read MoreManagement Control and Their Limitations8558 Words   |  35 Pagesproduction of social structures; and †¢ duality or identity of structure and agency as proposed, for example, by Anthony Giddens. Few dispute that social reality is produced by human agents operating in pre-existing structural contexts but they differ on how structure and agency are related i.e. duality vs. dualism Giddens argues that people reproduce, and can transform, systems: not the other way around, i.e. systems lack the capabilities of agency. Systems reproduction presupposes social reproductionRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagessetting the Wrm consists of two individuals: a principal and an agent. The principal acts as the owner of the Wrm while the agent acts as a worker. The principal hires the agent, provides the capital (i.e. the production function), and designs the agent’s compensation or employment contract and the managerial accounting system 22 BAIMAN including the monitoring systems, resource allocation procedures, and task allocation. The agent is hired to choose a personally costly action or eVort, which

Ethical Conflicts that can arise within Companies

The problem to be investigated is the conflict that can arise within companies between doing what is right (or moral) and doing what is often viewed as more important the attainment of corporate goals. This conflict is highlighted in the case study involving Fannie Mae (FM). (Jennings, 2009) In this case, corporate executives choose to focus on corporate goals and meeting the market expectations, ignoring any moral issued witch conflicted with the attainment of their goal. (Jennings, 2009) To understand the reasons for the executives actions and learn from their mistakes and misjudgments the following topics are reviewed: 1) ethics and social responsibility, 2) the importance of devolution, 3) the power and value of incentive plans, 4)†¦show more content†¦(Ormiston, 2010) Other examples of the rating firm’s reliance on others would include police reports, watchdog groups and the public media. A rating organization conducting personal interviews of the organizat ion is sure to have been presented a â€Å"one sided† view with the interviewed organization putting themselves in the best manner possible. Devolution In the FM case signals were missed and ignored. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the meaning of devolution is the transferring of rights or powers to subordinate bodies. (Merriam-Webster, 2006) For FM there was no devolution – only centralized control around the goal of Earnings Per Share (EPS) of $6.46. (Jennings, 2009) In the case of the missed items, it is general knowledge that many employees and middle management are busy with their days work. In this rush of the day, it is foreseeable that when something looks as odd as an auditor giving an EPS speech a person might question this practice. Since many employees don’t have a lot of spare time and are only involved in a small piece of the organizations work they likely do not have a â€Å"big picture† concept of the organization. When knowledgeable of problems, proper questioning may not have occurred causing missed signals. If some employees would have known whatShow MoreRelatedBusiness E thics And Explain Its Nature Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pagesthe basic framework to run a business.It also gives the economic, legal and social boundaries within which businessmanmust conduct his business. Code of conduct: Businessman must follow the ethical code of conduct. They must know what to do for the welfare of society and what not to do, and what is right and wrong for the society. Based on moral and social values: Business ethics consists of ethical and social principles to run a business. It includes consumer welfare, protection,avoid exploitationRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethics And Social Code Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Business ethics is a form of ethics which is applied in the field of business and it deals with the ethical issues and principles arising in a business background. In short business ethics means to carry on business for the human welfare and the benefit of the society. Business ethics is the study of business situations, activities and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed (Trevino.,1986)†. 1. Nature of Business ethics: The following are the features of businessRead MoreThe Ethics Of Organizational Behavior Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pageswholly owned subsidiary of Werfen USA, LLC and a market leader in the development, manufacture, and distribution of hemostasis and blood gas analyzers. The company is a direct supplier to hospitals, labs, and research facilities worldwide. With annual revenue at $700 million and a headcount of over 1,200 employees and contractors, the company has established a code of ethics that is designed to create a culture that fosters the development, passion, and knowledge of its employees. Our team has brokenRead MoreEst1 Wgu - Ethics Program for Nonprofit Management Consulting Services1246 Words   |  5 Pagesanother company. Our clients are placing a high level of trust in us and we must honor that commitment by ensuring no confidential information is disseminated outside our company or to those inside the company who may have a conflict of interest. Above all else we will be professional with our clients and work to the best of our ability to provide them with unrivaled service. Since we specialize in working with nonprofit companies the majority of clients we work with will have an Ethical Code asRead MoreCase Analysis : Business Management1717 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior have studied ethics either as a subject in a business course or as an entire course. So what do you think went wrong? Though business executives must have gone through an ethical course at one point in their life, they still find themselves being involved in unethical behavior for many reasons. One is conflict of interests. An example is when there is a vacancy in a given business, and a relative of a business executive applies for a chance to fill the position. The business executive willRead MoreEthical Issues Within The Whole Merger Process Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesconsideration for the legal and ethical issues within the whole merger process, accompanying with suggested implementation plan for managing the prospect legal and ethical anxieties for the merger, the proposed plan clarifies establishing an ethical and healthy work environment with proposed resolution to the mentioned issues. Consideration of the ethical issues during the whole merge process. The HR management interface with complex ethical issues. The ethical dilemmas definition is when moreRead MoreEthical Dilemm Conflict Of Interest901 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Dilemma I - Conflict of Interest A conflict of interest exists when an employee’s duty to give his or her individual business loyalty to the Company may be prejudiced by actual or potential personal benefit arising from another source. While not presuming to restrict the right of individuals to passively invest or participate in other business ventures, the Company is concerned where those interests might lead to conflicting interests on the part of the individual. For example, a conflictRead MoreChanging Roles in Human Resources Management1136 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The concept of â€Å"human resources management† implies that â€Å"employees† are resources of the company† (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2007, p. 2.). The human resources department traditionally has been seen by organizations as a necessary expense, rather than a value to the company (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2007, p. 1). Human resources management involves many crucial jobs, some of which include h andling people in a professional manner, good intuition and adaptability, creativityRead MoreBusiness Law Proposal : Technology Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesThe competitive environment that is provided by the information technology has created an increase in demand for the products and has made it possible for Gravity technologies to venture into the market to provide the items that are needed by many companies. The innovations in the market are necessitated by the improvement in the business environment, and this has created an opportunity for gravity ventures to flourish in the market as the focus is on selling software and hardware. The hardware thatRead MoreUniversal Human Care Hospital: Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility1240 Words   |  5 Pages Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Research Paper Introduction Dr. DoRight has recently been hired as the President of the Universal Human Care Hospital, where he oversees all departments with over 5,000 employees and over 20,000 patients at the medical facility. Dr. DoRight discovers that some patients within the hospital have been dying as a result of a variety of illegal procedures by doctors and nurses, and negligent supervision and oversight on their part. After two years

Poems of Poe dreams, nightmares or reality free essay sample

His proud reserve, his profound melancholy, his unworldliness may we not say his unearthliness of nature made his character one very difficult of comprehension to the casual observer Sarah Helen Whitman Born in the year 1809 on January 19th, Edgar Allan Poe is one of America’s most famous poet, short story writer, editor and critic. Going through his life, one realizes all the difficulties that Poe had face till the time he died at the age of forty. Poe was orphaned even before he was three years old and was taken into the home of a tobacco merchant namely John Allan. The Allan’s never really loved him and later on disowned him. In search of love which he never got to feel by his family, he married his thirteen year old cousin Virginia and within a few years of their marriage she died of tuberculosis. Poe had always been much into drinking and drugs which later intensified even more due to the death of his wife. We will write a custom essay sample on Poems of Poe: dreams, nightmares or reality? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In his life, Poe wrote a number of well-known poems and short stories such as The fall of the house of Usher, The Raven, Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, Ulalume, The Bells and The city in the sea etc. Poe’s writings have inspired and influenced a vast number of modern writers. When one goes through some of his writings (majority of his writings perhaps), one realizes the presence of morbid thoughts, horrific scenes, horrifying characters. While the colossal fame of Edgar Allan Poes famous short stories and poems goes on to underline his artistic brilliance, Poes repute as the master of horror, the father of the detective story, and the voice of The Raven is something of a diverse approval. According to sources, â€Å"contributing greatly to the genres of horror and science fiction, Poe is now considered the father of the modern detective story and highly lauded as a poet. Poe’s verses illustrate an intense faculty for technical and abstract beauty, with the rhyming art to excess, an incorrigible propensity towards nocturnal themes, a demoniac under tone behind every page. There is an indescribable magnetism about the poet’s life and reminiscences, as well as the poem† (Merriman, p.1). As evident, Poe’s poems had a touch of horror and these were basically perhaps a piece of his own imagination or a dream. His life and the set backs he had faced had a major influence on the Edgar Allan Poe wrote. The poet had a vivid imagination and the stories and poems written by him are filled with disaster, horror, fear and thoughtful nobles. In his paranormal fiction Poe frequently brought up topics related to fear deep-seated in individual psychology, physical or mental weaknesses, manias, the damnation of death, intense fantasies, and the heavens as source of horror and motivation, exclusive of troubling himself with such supernatural beings as ghosts, werewolves, vampires, and so on. Because of the heavy losses he faced since the very beginning of his life, the thoughts of this great poet perhaps turned morbid, but all of them were mere thoughts or perhaps dreams of the poet and not reality for the kind of characters that he has come up with do not exist in real life. According to sources, because of seeing his most loved ones die â€Å"dying and death were part of Poe’s life. He used these themes throughout his works, perhaps searching to understand them. He is said to have â€Å"transmogrified† death in his works. He used the style of Gothic fiction with a sense of the uncanny. His tales were called grotesque, arabesque, and terrifying, with recurring themes of being buried alive and coming back from the grave† (Edgar Allan Poe, p.1).

Understanding Crime in Canada

Question: What are the main methods (or tools) that criminologists use to measure crime rates and crime trends? Are crime rates trending upwards, downwards or staying about the same? Which crime categories (if any) are experiencing declines, which crime categories (if any) are experiencing increases, and which are staying about the same? Do the different types of measurement tools provide the same picture of crime rates and crime trends, or are the pictures different, and if so, why? Which crime measurement tool do you think is most reliable, and why? Answer: Like many other developed countries, in Canada also, the crime is measured with the help of a combination of the information provided by the police and reported by the victim. Although, individually each of these sources has its own strengths and limitations but together they are able to provide a much robust measure of crime rate and trends in Canada (Walker, 1999). There are a wide range of measurements used by the criminologists in order to examine statistics related with crime. In case of each of these tools, the respective measurements are derived from different aggregations of the data related with crime. The result is that in several cases, the crime rate in Canada is depicted in a way that is quite opposite to the objective reality. It also needs to be noted in this regard that the crime trends are not static entity and therefore they undergo considerable changes as a result of several social, political and economic factors (Boyd, 2015). There are certain methods that are generally used by the criminologists in order to measure the rate of crime and the trends related with crime. These main methods are the Uniform Crime Report, Crime Severity Investigation and General Social Survey. For example the Uniform Crime Report presents the uniform crime reporting statistics. In case of UCR, all aggregated data is collected. Moreover, UCR is incidence based. However there is a problem related with the UCR. According to this issue, UCR is not capable of accounting for the dark figures of crime. The dark figures of crime are related with the variations that are present between the number of crimes that have taken place and the crimes that have been reported to the authorities. In this way, this figure shows the large number of crimes that have not been reported (Fox, ed. 1981). On the other hand, the General Social Survey is conducted over the telephone. In this survey, questions related with crime or victimization is asked fro m the individuals that have not been reported in the Uniform Crime reports. These crimes include the cases of assault, robbery and sexual assault. In case of the Criminal Severity Index, each crime is measured according to its severity. At the same time, the severity of a crime is also determined on the basis of the sentence pronounced in the case (Kempf, 1990). Canada is facing the problem of high rate of crime. Although, generally the crime rate is going down but there are certain areas in which this rate is increasing. For example, recent trends revealed that there is an increase in violent crimes. On the other hand, the crimes like vehicle theft are witnessing a downward trend, perhaps due to the mandatory measures introduced by the government. In the same way, the recent trends revealed that there has been a decrease in the number of homicides but at the same time, there has been an increase in the cases of assault. Some factors can be cited in support of the decreasing rate of these crimes. For example, significant improvements have been made in emergency medical care. At the same time, the young people have become more risk tolerant. Similarly, as a result of the Internet, young people stay at home more often instead of going out. On the other hand, the rising popularity of Internet has also resulted in the crimes that take place on t he Internet itself (Jones, 2006). It is widely knowledge that the same results are not provided by different types of measurement tools when it comes to the crime rates and trends. The reason is that all these tools measure different things. For example, the Uniform Crime Report is based on the statistics of crime that are available with the police. Therefore the crime rate and trends depicted by the UCR also reflect the attitude and the opinions of the police officers and the policies and procedures adopted by them. For example, sometimes the police officers do not report significant instances of crime if they are capable of dealing with such instances effectively. On the other hand, this problem is effectively dealt with by victimization surveys as these surveys report the crimes in which the police is not involved. At this point, it needs to be noted that a large number of crimes are not reported to the police. In this way these surveys help in providing the vital information related with crime. But at the same ti me, there is also a problem associated with the service because in case of many crimes that have not been reported to the police, the people do not report these crimes during the survey conducted on the telephone (Maxfield, 1995). On the basis of the above discussion, it can be said that the most efficient crime measurement tool which is also the most reliable should have the features of Uniform Crime Report and also that of the General Social Survey. At the same time it is very important that the measurements of crime should include the crimes that have been reported as well as the crimes that have not been reported to the police (Burgess and Akers, 1966). In this way, instead of having different measurements for the crime rate and friends, the focus should be on including everything in a single measurement. It also needs to be noted in this regard that the statistics reported by the police and the victimization data are complementary to each other and if these two sources are used jointly, they can provide a more comprehensive picture of the crime rate and trends in Canada. As a result of the differences that are present in the methodology used by these two types of surveys, it is difficult to make a direct comparison. But it can certainly be said that the ways in which crime is measured in Canada can be improved further. By improving the tools that are used for measuring crime in Canada, the understanding regarding the nature and the extent of crime will also improve (Sampson, Groves and Byron, 1989). With the help of these improvements, and also by including Crime Severity Index to the present measurement tools, it is possible to have a more comprehensive picture regarding the nature and extent of crime in Canada. References Burgess, Robert and Akers, Ronald, 1966, "A Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory of Criminal Behavior" Social Problems, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.128147 Fox, James A., ed. 1981, Methods In Quantitative Criminology. New York: Academic Press Jones, Stephen, 2006, Criminology. New York: Oxford University Press, USA Kempf, Kimberly, 1990, Measurement Issues in Criminology, New York: Springer Maxfield, Michael G. 1995, Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology. Ed. Earl Babbie. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company Neil Boyd, (2015) Understanding Crime in Canada: An Introduction to Criminology, Emond Montgomery Publications Neuman, Lawrence W., and Bruce Wiegand, 2000, Criminal Justice Research Methods, Allyn and Bacon Sampson; Robert J. Groves, W. Byron, 1989, The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94, No. 4. pp.774802 Walker, Jeffrey T. 1999, Statistics In Criminal Justice: Analysis and Interpretation. Maryland: Aspen Publishers, Inc.

Lynching, segregation, Jim Crow laws

Table of Contents Introduction Lynching Segregation Jim Crow Laws Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Racism is a destructive form of discrimination. This is because is devalues other people’s identity and denies them their right to exercise power. It destroys the unity within a community and leads to social divisions. It violates the democratic right of equality and the fair treatment of all people.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lynching, segregation, Jim Crow laws specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One has to understand the nature and form of racism that exist if he has to succeed in countering it. It is a world wide phenomenon that has been experienced in many countries and it mainly results from economic, political, and social factors. This papers gives a brief overview of three forms of discrimination (Lynching, Segregation, and Jim Crow Laws) practiced against African American in the Uni ted States. Lynching Lynching can be defined as the illegal killing of an individual by the mob. It is defined as â€Å"any act of violence inflicted by a mob upon the body of another person which results in the death of the person† (Barry 218). A mob is defined as a group of two (or more populace) congregating as one without authorization of the relevant powers that be, for the premeditated intention and objective to commit an act of cruelty against another being. It is a practice that was common among the white and the African. The African were normally executed by the white simply because of the white superiority. However, the whites who protested against this execution were at very high risks of being executed. Lynching is normally carried out by execution, setting a blaze or shooting the alleged individual in order to discipline, scare, or take control over a certain populace no matter its size. It is a means of social control practiced by the superior community against its minors (Niels 201). The governing populace used to employ lynching, especially in times of fiscal pressure, as a means of tyrannizing those that opposed them. The vice was also a widespread norm in cooling (social) tensions. For instance, in America, lynching was used against the African Americans after the American civil war when the Africans were given the right to participate in elections. In 1980s, violence was high especially after the southern Americans regained their political power. More then three thousand African Americans were lynched towards the end of the 19th century (Niels 202).Advertising Looking for research paper on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Towards the beginning of the 20th century, new constitutions were created in America with provisions that disenfranchised most of the African Americans. They were not permitted to vote or to serve on juries. They were also excluded from participating in political activities. However, the Africans resistance to lynching increased significantly with the intellectuals encouraging them to protest against mob lynching. Various organizations and clubs were formed to raise funds that were used to protest against lynching. They were successful in their petitions, campaigns, and demonstrations since they helped in combating lynching. Today, lynching has been made illegal in many states including the United States. People who are found executing individuals through lynching are charged in a court of law. Segregation Segregation can be defined as the separation of persons into racial groups. It may apply in various activities such as attending school, shopping in the departmental stores, taking meals from a restaurant, or in the purchase of a house. Segregation is a practice that is forbidden but may be permitted by social norms. It is a kind of discrimination common in employment and in the purchase of houses. Certain races are discrimin ated against when purchasing a rental house or when seeking for employment. In America, legal segregation was permitted in many states especially in matters related to marriage. The blacks or the minority races were not allowed to intermarry with the whites. The law also prohibited interracial marriages even among the minority groups (Fireside 47). However, with time, some of these activities have been permitted. For instance, close contact (such as allowing people from dissimilar races to work for each other) is tolerable. Human classification into spatial segments is what is termed as segregation. In this arrangement there are those (educational) establishments as well as hospices that are for the whites and the African Americans should attend the same. Some races are allowed to use these institutions while blacks are discriminated against their use. This extends even in the business operations where people perform businesses with people from their own race or the preferred race. Social norms prohibit people from interacting with other races and this normally results in racial discrimination (Massey 20).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lynching, segregation, Jim Crow laws specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This occurs in social or political institutions. This occurs when these institutions discriminate the Africans from exercising their rights. These people are expected to conform to certain cultural assumptions which are deemed to reflect the dominant group. This form of discrimination is normally difficult to identify and also to counter, especially when the perpetrators view themselves as non-racist. The attitude, way of life, and behaviors of the white are extensively discussed over the media because they are seen as being reasonable and common although they do not exhibit the cultural diversity that is evident in America. Through the media, ideologies concerning racism are ar ticulated and later armored through group relations thereby forming a popular culture. As the government takes measures to address the discrimination imposed on the African American, racist beliefs are given first priority. The discrimination on the minority group (the African) is seen as being positive and confirmatory measures are seen as partisan treatment of one group by another rather than harassment by a popular group of people. Jim Crow Laws These were state laws enacted (1876-1965) in the US. The phrase Jim Crow is derived from â€Å"Jump Jim Crow†, a song about the blacks that was performed by a white actor. Later this phrase was used to refer to the African Americans and that’s how laws pertaining to racial segregation were given the name Jim Crow laws (Barnes 7). These laws allowed racial segregation in most of the public facilities. This resulted into inferior treatment of the African Americans by the whites. The white Americans received most of the public facilities in terms of education and access to social amenities. Jim Crow Laws are based on differences that are quite evident in values, customs, color, religion, perception about the world, and how people live. It also extends to the use of language where a certain group of people have negative attitudes towards the language used by others. Jim Crow Laws were applied in social or political institutions. This occurs when pubic institutions discriminate some groups of people from exercising their rights. These people are expected to conform to certain cultural assumptions which are deemed to reflect the dominant group.Advertising Looking for research paper on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These laws were not related to the Black codes (1800-1866) which inhibited communal rights and liberation of the blacks. In 1954, the Supreme Court declared segregation in pubic schools as unconstitutional and the remaining part of the Jim Crow Laws were rendered unconstitutional in 1964 by the Civil Rights Act (Harvey 50). Conclusion Although law recognizes the cultural rights of different races and gives them the right of speech, the media still recognizes the dominant group whose culture forms the norm to be emulated by other cultures. The government recognizes and appreciates the diverse cultures and allows them to enjoy their rights. However, it has not put strong measures to ensure that they are not discriminated against by the dominant group. These cultural rights are not included in the constitution making it hard for the blacks to fight for their rights. Works Cited Barnes A. Catherine Journey from Jim Crow: The Desegregation of Southern Transit. Columbia: Columbia Universi ty Press, 1983. Barry A. Crouch â€Å"A Spirit of Lawlessness: White violence, Texas Blacks, 1865-1868,† Journal of Social History 18 (Winter 1984): 217–26. Fireside, Harvey. Separate and Unequal: Homer Plessy and the Supreme Court Decision That Legalized Racism. New York: Carroll Graf, 2004. Harvey, Fireside. Separate and Unequal: Homer Plessy and the Supreme Court Decision That Legalized Racism. New York: Prentice Hall, 2004. Massey S. Douglas. Segregation and stratification: A biosocial perspective Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 1: 7-25. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004 Niels A. Uildriks. Policing Insecurity: Police Reform, Security, and Human Rights in Latin America. New York: Rowman Littlefield, 2009 This research paper on Lynching, segregation, Jim Crow laws was written and submitted by user Falcon/SamWilson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Kiss by Gustav Klimt essays

The Kiss by Gustav Klimt essays In the art exhibition of 1908, there was a painting on display in a room reserved for Klimts pictures. This painting was entitled, Lovers by Klimt himself but is generally known today as The Kiss. Ludwig Hevesi, a critic of the time says, This Klimt hhall at the exhibition is the most remarkable assortment seen in Vienna since Markarts Dumba Room. A purely painterly painting (The Kiss), not possible before markart, a specific phenomena of color.....THe Modern Gallerys new lovers standin a sea of flowers, like Homers old Zeus on Mount Ida when hera embracd him once more and a carpet of flowers broke forht from the eart. And the lovers wear festive robes, just right for a festival of love. The whole world is festive again....The special Viennese modulation of feeling, newly arrived, is at long last to be recognized as the peoplpe begin to discover theres a place iin thier hearts for Klimt. Not long now and hell be our Klimt. Hevesi compared Klimt to Makart, Vienna had a new prince of painters. The Kiss did not presesnt society with a scandal, as so many of Klimts previous pictures had. On the contrary, the picture was recieved with enthusiasm frm the beginning, as is shown by how quickly it sold. It has remained one of Klimts most famous pieces of work, and has also become a symbol of the Vienna Jugendstil. The Kiss, at a glance represents happiness and love. Loked at more closely, with its precursors in mind, it reveals other components. In 1895, twelve years prior to the transitional phase in which he now was, Klimt had apinted the picture Love. In the earlier picture the lovers are shown in profile, the man holding the woman in his arms and bending his head towards hers. The light falls on the face of the woman, her eyes are closed, her head is tilted back and she loo ...

Hawaii Lodging & Tourism Association Research Paper - 1

Hawaii Lodging & Tourism Association - Research Paper Example nolulu offers a number of historical monuments and vibrant activities which include the King Kamehameha I Statue and the Iolani Palace meant for tourists attraction. The region is made up of several ethnic communities and cultural practices that forms a major attraction to tourists and visitors in Oahu Island. The people are very welcoming to visitors which makes it an ideal place for camping and leisure activities. Some of the hotels in the region include Ala Moana Hotel, The Modern Honolulu, Hawaii Prince Hotel Waikiki, Pagoda Hotel, Airport Honolulu Hotel, Waikiki Gateway Hotel, Hilton Hawaiian Village Waikiki Beach Resort among others. The hotels have specialized in various activities and dining sets which makes them stand out from one another. Local dishes can be found along the Kapahulu Avenue. The rates of the guestrooms can be obtained through online booking services such as Booking.com, TripAdvisor, Hotels.com and Expedia. Guests are offered with several shopping options due to many shopping outlets located in Oahu. The open air markets deal with bargain souvenirs and local produce. The Aloha Tower is known to be selling art and crafts items. Waikele premium outlets offers a wide range of big brands at discounted prices. Ala Moana shopping center has distinguished itself as the main family shopping center as it has a number of outlets that specialize on items that fit every family that visits the region (Mak, 2004). Quick movement around the facilities is facilitated by rental cars which offers the best form of transportation around the island. Another attractive event that guest should experience in the region of Oahu is the Luau which is a Hawaiian party accompanied with the areas traditional foods, music and cultural display. As a result of these factors, Oahu which means The Gathering Place offers the best destination for the association to carry out its activities. The Ala Moana Hotel is based in Honolulu in the state of Hawaii. The specific

Assisted Suicide, The Right to Die Research Paper

Assisted Suicide, The Right to Die - Research Paper Example l, social and cultural levels for decades and, even at the global level, this activity still does not seem to be able to reach any societal consensus about whether it is appropriate. However, assisted suicide allows individuals with varying health problems or handicaps to have a means to escape their complications and avoid the anguish of dying without a sense of personal decorum. Washington and Oregon are the only two states in the US where assisted suicide is a practice allowable by law (Ball and Mengewein, 2010). Since both states are located on the West coast, this might be representative of a cultural perspective that is quite different from the rest of the continental United States. Both of these states now support the perspective of different right-to-die organizations and protect the medical community from being the victims of lawsuits. The efforts of these states further supported what ended up being a victorious lawsuit in Montana, filed by truck driver Robert Baxter, a patient with lymphocytic leukemia, who actively challenged Montana’s homicide statute. Even though this particular case was victorious, Baxter died of his illness on December 5, 2008 which happened to be the exact same day that his case won in the First Judicial District Court in Helena (Blesch, 2009). However, this set the precedent for future lawsuits of this nature in suppo rt of the right-to-die agenda. Even at the global level, there is much progression in areas of assisted suicide, with Belgium taking the lead in support for euthanasia. In 2007, almost two percent of all deaths reported involved assisted suicide at the request of the patient, with the rate of the Belgium medical community withholding life-extending treatment increasing from 14.6 percent to 17.4 percent in just six years (Bilsen, Cohen, Chambaere and Pousset, 2009). At the global level, these measurable increases in assisted suicide show that there is an active, global market looking for alternatives to prolonged

Beyond Auto Dependence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beyond Auto Dependence - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the development of cities is dependent on the adoption of a sustainable mode of transport. The future of the cities is defined by the extent to which automobile can be discarded for alternative economic establishments. Cities should endeavor to improve urban centers and enhance the public spaces meant for cyclists and pedestrians. Kenworthy  states that it is necessary to ''improve the urban centers and enhance the public space for pedestrians and cyclists.''   The infrastructure design should take into consideration the plight of the populations that use the pathways or cycle to various destinations. The development of freeways promotes the use of cars yet such propensities extract the land that can otherwise be used for other essential development.As the study highlights  cities should introduce welfare structures that allow citizens to share cars and bicycles. Car-on-demand schemes should be introduced in various jurisdictions to reduce ca r ownership. Car ownership is responsible for the congestion that is witnessed in urban settings. Kenworthy notes that it is important to ''introduce vehicle car and bike sharing and car-on-demand schemes to help reduce car ownership''. Congestion should be penalized to discourage the ownership and embrace sharing.  The use of trains for transportation is testimony that the possibility of people sharing in terms of mobility is high.     

Analysis of Efficiency of Solar PV Cell

Analysis of Efficiency of Solar PV Cell The efficiency estimation is the most frequently method used to compare the performance of solar cells. This method can be defined as the ratio of power output from the solar cell over the irradiance power output. In addition of estimating the performance of the solar cell itself, the efficiency depends on the spectrum, intensity of sunlight and the temperature of the solar cell (Fouladi et al., 2013). The efficiency of solar cells can be estimated using the following Equation 3.15: ÃŽ · Where I is the output current, V is the voltage, A is the aperture surface area of the PV module. P is the electrical power generated, GT is the solar radiation flux on module plane (W/m2) and ÃŽ · is the cell/module electrical efficiency. The panel efficiency is effected by the cell temperature and irradiance and this effect in efficiency can by estimated by connecting the existing environment conditions to a reference condition using the following Equation 3.16 (Fouladi et al., 2013): ÃŽ ·ref is the cell efficiency at the reference temperature, Tref (typically 25 Â ºC), 1000 W/m2 is the reference solar irradiance. ÃŽ ² is the temperature coefficient and ÃŽ ³ is the solar irradiance coefficient and both coefficients depend on the PV materials. From Equation 3.16, it can be noticed that an increase in cell temperature (TC) would result in decrease in efficiency (Fouladi et al., 2013). The value of ÃŽ ³ is often assumed to be zero and Equation 3.17 will be: ÃŽ ·ref and ÃŽ ² values are given by the manufacturers. However, the can be estimated using a flash test in which the cell’s electrical output is measured at two different temperatures for given solar radiation flux (Hart and Raghuraman, 1982; Skoplaki and Palyvos, 2009). The actual value of ÃŽ ² it depends on Tref along with the dependence on PV materials and it can be given by Equation 3.18: T0 is the temperature at which the electrical efficiency of the PV module reach is zero (Garg and Agarwal, 1995; Skoplaki and Palyvos, 2009). For crystalline silicon solar cells the highest temperature in at which the PV module electricity drops to Zero is 270 Â ºC (Evans and Florschuetz, 1978; Skoplaki and Palyvos, 2009). The output voltage decreases significantly with the increase of the cell temperature and that causes the current to increase slightly. Nominal operation cell temperature method (NOCT) is used to estimate the cell temperature. This method estimates the cell temperature by measure the cell temperature of an open-rack PV module under an open circuit and in a standard reference environment Fouladi et al., 2013). The solar radiation is estimated typically to be 800W/m2 (GT, NOCT) and the PV panel is tilted 45Â º from the horizontal and exposed to 20 Â ºC air (Ta, NOCT) at 1 m/s. Equation 3.19 can be expressed as (Fouladi et al., 2013): Tc = Where UL is the thermal loss coefficient, Ta is the air temperature and GT is the irradiance on the plane of the panel. Coefficient Ï„ is the solar transmittance of glazing and coefficient ÃŽ ± is the solar absorptance of the PV layer. ÃŽ · is the electrical efficiency. According to (Duffie and Beckham, 1980; Fouladi et al., 2013), the term is negligible so Equation 3.20 will become: Tc = UL which is the overall heat loss for the panel can be estimated using the following Equation 3.20: UL = Where h is the convective heat loss coefficient and qrad is the radiation heat loss from the panel. There are other environmental factors that can influence the performance and the efficiency of the PV cells other than the temperature such as (Mekhilef et al., 2012): Dust Dust accumulation on the surface of PV panel reduces the amount of irradiance required for PV cell to reach maximum efficiency. The excessive accumulation of dust decreases the quality of the solar cells. Humidity: The effect of the humidity it is somehow comparable to the effect of the dust. The water vapor particles decreases the level of the sunlight irradiance needed for the PV panel to reach the maximum efficiency. When the PV surface becomes moist, the light is scattered either by reflection, diffraction or refraction when it comes in contact with the water droplets. Beside the environmental factors that affect the efficiency of the PV panel, there are technical factors that are based on electricity generation system that also can influence the efficiency of the module such as (Darwish et al., 2013): Effect of tilt angle: The tilt angle is one of major factors that determine the performance of the PV panels. The variation of the angle that the system is set with can control the level of the dust disposition on the glass and the amount of irradiance transmission of the plate under various weather conditions. Effect of PV Technology Photovoltaic technology is classified into two groups which are silicon crystalline and thin film. Each group of PV modules consists of different types of solar cells. These different types of solar cell vary also in their efficiencies, resistance to high temperatures and also resistance to harsh environment locations. The investigations found that a-Si performs best in dusty environment. Effect of Cleaning There are four methods to remove the dust and reduce the effect of the dust on the PV glass panel such as; (1) Natural, (2) Mechanical, (3) electro-mechanical and (4) electrostatic. The natural cleaning method is considered to be the simplest removal method because it depends on the rainfall and wind clearing. References Fouladi, F. Henshaw, P. and Ting, S. D. K. (2013): Enhancing Smart Grid realization with accurate prediction of photovoltaic performance based on weather forecast, International Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. (70), no. (5), pp. 754-764, DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2013.798497 Skoplaki, E. and Palyvos, J. A. (2009): On the temperature dependence of photovoltaic module electrical performance: A review of efficiency/power correlations, Solar Energy, vol. (83), pp. 614–624 Hart, G.W. and Raghuraman, P. (1982): Simulation of thermal aspects of residential photovoltaic systems. MIT Report DOE/ET/20279-202. Garg, H.P. and Agarwal, R .K. (1995): Some aspects of a PV/T collector/forced circulation flat plate solar water heater with solar cells. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. (36), pp. 87–99. Evans, D.L. and Florschuetz, L.W. (1978): Terrestrial concentrating photovoltaic power system studies. Solar Energy vol. (20), pp. 37–43. Duffie, J.A. and Beckman, W.A., 1980, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 2nd ed. (New York: John Wiley and Sons). Mekhilef, S. Saidur, R. and Kamalisarvestani, M. (2012): Effect of dust, humidity and air velocity on efficiency of photovoltaic cells, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. (16), pp. 2920-2925. Darwish, Z. A. Kazem, H. A. Sopian, K. Alghoul, M. A. and Chaichan, M. T. (2013): Impact of Some Environmental Variables with Dust on Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Performance: Review and Research Status, vol. (7), no. (4), pp. 152-159

The Matrix Essay -- Argumentative Movie Film Matrix Essays

The Matrix The Matrix is a science fiction movie about artificial intelligence computers replacing mankind. I believe that this movie is a common type of display from the media is common paranoia so that they can get a reaction from people and sell their story. In the case of The Matrix, the movie dazzles people with awesome special effects using modern computer technology, which I find ironic. I find it self-conflicting and hypocritical for the media to use modern computer technology for their own good to show people how bad technology is. Amy Bruckman and Howard Rheingold would probably find this movie interesting in that it disagrees and agrees with certain aspects about their beliefs about the use of computers. The Matrix specifically shows how advanced technology such as artificial intelligence (A.I.) may one day get out of the control of the people and become a dangerous enemy to mankind. It turns out that in the movie people believe that they are living normal lives in the 90's as common businessmen and families as we do today, when in reality the time is later in the 21st century and people are hooked up to machines in pods where they are merely interpreting electrical signals which tells them that the they are alive in the 90's. They call this set up The Matrix. The artificial intelligence machines put these people in these pods for their whole lives where they never use a muscle in their body; they only think that they are moving and living normal lives.The reason why the artificial intelligence machines put people into pods is because the sky is scorched and there is no source of electricity, so the A.I. units found an alternate source of energy: humans. The star of the Movie, Neo, is enlightened by one of ... ...ul people can benefit people. Personally, I don't believe that true artificial intelligence can ever be reached. I believe that a computer can be so advanced that it may appear to be thinking on it's own, but only because a man programmed it to think in such away. I don't think that a computer can teach itself common sense and the true ability to reason between right and wrong like humans can. And since I believe this, I see no problem in expanding technology and making online communities as Rheingold and Bruckman would. Works Cited The Matrix. Larry Wachowski, DVD, Warner Brothers, 1999 Bruskman, Amy. "Finding One's Own in Cyberspace" Composing Cyberspace Edited by Rich Holeton, San Fransisco: McGraw Hill, 1998, 171-180 Rheingold, Howard. "The Heart of the Well" " Composing Cyberspace Edited by Rich Holeton, San Fransisco: McGraw Hill, 1998, 151-163

Differentiation or Cost Leadership

The textbook suggests that there are only two generic strategies available to a firm: differentiation or cost leadership. Both strategies can be applied either into a focused market or a broad market. Do you agree that these are the only two strategies available? Are they mutually exclusive? Why or why not? Porter's Generic Strategies Target ScopeAdvantageAdvantage Low CostProduct Uniqueness Broad(Industry Wide)Cost Leadership StrategyDifferentiation Strategies Narrow (Market Segment)Focus Strategy(low cost)Focus Strategy(differentiation)Generally ,as per the Porter's Generic Strategies there are only two strategies are available to the firm i. e. , differentiation and cost leadership. These strategies are the strength of the market which is independent of the product and industry. Along with these two strategies the focus strategy is also there which is the combination of low cost and differentiation strategy. The Focus strategy help firms to provide the unique good quality product with the low cost that focus on the Narrow Market segments. Advantage with the Focus Strategy is that it helps the both customer and organization side.Customers fulfil their needs within their budget and organization also gain its profits but the implementation of the Focus Strategy is very risky which required more studies of the market and about competitors. As per my aspects Focus strategy really helps the organization to able to produce the good quality of product within the customer budgets which also focus on the market demand. Daft, R. L. (2010). Management (9th ed. ). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. ISBN: 13-9780324595840 Ref: Porter's Generic Strategies

24 formas de sacar permiso de residencia green card

24 formas de sacar permiso de residencia green card Son muchas las formas para emigrar legalmente  a Estados Unidos y obtener el permiso de residencia permanente, tambià ©n conocida como la green card o tarjeta verde. Esta tarjeta de residencia autoriza a  vivir y trabajar en Estados Unidos sin là ­mite de tiempo e, incluso, da la opcià ³n de solicitar  convertirse en ciudadano americano por medio de la naturalizacià ³n. Los caminos para obtener la preciada green card  son muy variados. A continuacià ³n se describen las opciones de las que se dispone, pero hay que tener en cuenta que los trmites, los requisitos,  y los tiempos de demora de todo el proceso son muy diferentes. Se finaliza este artà ­culo con una explicacià ³n de dà ³nde pueden surgir los problemas que retrasan o hacen imposible sacar la green card. 1- Green card por matrimonio con ciudadano americano   El  matrimonio con un ciudadano americano es una de las formas ms comunes y rpidas de obtener la residencia permanente. Sin embargo, sà ³lo casarse no significa que se obtenga la residencia de forma automtica sino que el cà ³nyuge ciudadano debe solicitarla. Adems, la presentacià ³n de la peticià ³n  tampoco significa que siempre se pueda sacar. La residencia permanente por matrimonio es tanto en los casos de matrimonios heterosexuales como los formados por dos personas del mismo sexo. Aclarar que no se puede obtener la ciudadanà ­a americana por casarse con ciudadano, lo que se saca es la residencia y, al cabo de tres aà ±os de tiempo casado con un ciudadano, entonces el residente puede solicitar la naturalizacià ³n y, asà ­, hacerse ciudadano. Finalmente seà ±alar que los ciudadanos tienen a su alcance la opcià ³n de solicitar una  visa K-1 para traer a sus novios o prometidas  y, una vez en Estados Unidos, casarse y aplicar por un  ajuste de estatus  como paso para obtener la residencia.   2- Green card solicitada por ciudadano para hijos solterosmenores de 21 aà ±os Estos casos aplican a hijos biolà ³gicos o adoptados y tambià ©n a  hijastro de ciudadano americano, si bien, en este à ºltimo, caso aplican reglas especiales. Estas peticiones son rpidas, tomando generalmente menos de 1 aà ±o. 3-Green card para viudos de ciudadanos Los viudos de ciudadanos americanos pueden solicitar, en determinados casos, la green card para sà ­ mismos.   4- Green card para hijastrosde ciudadanos fallecidos Para beneficiarse los hijastros de ciudadanos fallecidos deben cumplir con varios requisitos, entre ellos, ser solteros y de 21 aà ±os.   5- Green card para padre o madre de ciudadano Los hijos de ciudadanos deben de tener 21 aà ±os cumplidos para poder solicitar la green card para cualquiera de sus padres.  El simplemente  ser padre o madre de un nià ±o ciudadano  no da derechos migratorios. 6- Green card para hijo de ciudadano que est soltero y es mayor de 21 Es lo que se conoce como un F1. Las demoras en estas tramitaciones est entre los 6 y los 20 aà ±os, dependiendo del caso,  y se pueden verificar en el boletà ­n de visas. 7-Green card para hijo casado de ciudadano, sin importar su edad Esta peticià ³n, tambià ©n llamada categorà ­a F3,  se demora por aà ±os, incluso dà ©cadas, siendo mayor la espera para el caso de los mexicanos que para el resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a.   8-Green card para hermanos de ciudadanos Esta tarjeta de residencia que se conoce como categorà ­a F4  se encuentra entre las que tienen una demora mayor. Sà ³lo los ciudadanos mayores de 21 aà ±os pueden pedir a sus hermanos. 9- Green card para cà ³nyuge de residente permanente Estas peticiones, que se conocen como categorà ­a F2A, son muy parecidas a las que pueden presentar los ciudadanos, sin embargo, su tramitacià ³n se diferencia en puntos importantes. Por ejemplo, se demoran ms las solicitudes de residentes. Otra diferencia importante es que los cà ³nyuges de residentes que estn como indocumentados en Estados Unidos en ningà ºn caso pueden ajustar su estatus, sin embargo, en el caso de los cà ³nyuges de ciudadanos, à ©stos pueden hacerlo siempre y cuando hubieran ingresado legalmente a EE.UU. En la prctica esta diferencia tiene importantes consecuencias legales ya que los indocumentados que no pueden ajustar su estatus y deben salir del paà ­s para ir a la entrevista consular se encuentran con que les aplica el castigo de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os por presencia ilegal. 10- Green card para hijos solteros de residentes permanentes Estos son los tiempos de demora para este tipo de peticiones.  En este caso caben dos situaciones: para menores de 21 aà ±os, que se conoce como categorà ­a F2A, y para mayores de dicha edad, que son los F2B. En ningà ºn caso los residentes pueden pedir a sus hijos casados. 11- Green card por suerte por medio de la loterà ­a Al ganar una de las 50,000 visas de inmigrante que se sortean cada aà ±o fiscal en la  loterà ­a de la diversidad. Participar en este sorteo es gratuito y se abre la inscripcià ³n en el mes de octubre, permaneciendo abierta por un mes y producià ©ndose el sorteo al aà ±o siguiente en primavera. 12- Green card por inversià ³n que cree puestos de trabajo Invirtiendo un mà ­nimo de medio millà ³n de dà ³lares, mediante la visa EB-5. Se admite una inversià ³n directa creando una empresa o una indirecta, siendo posible  diversas modalidades. A diferencia de lo que ocurre en otros paà ­ses, en Estados Unidos la inversià ³n en una casa u otro bien raà ­z por sà ­ misma no es causa para obtener la tarjeta de residencia. Ya que es necesario que se trate de inversià ³n en un negocio. 13- Green card por autopatrocinio Peticià ³n para uno mismo sin necesidad de patrocinador de la tarjeta de residencia mediante una visa EB-1 en el caso de profesionales con una habilidad extraordinaria en Arte, Ciencias, Deporte, Educacià ³n o Negocios. Ejemplo: ganadores de premios Oscar, olimpiadas, premios Pulitzer o semejantes. Realmente el standard para cumplir con estos requisitos es muy alto. 14- Green card por trabajo en las categorà ­as EB 1, EB2 y EB3 En estos casos es necesario que una empresa o institucià ³n de los Estados Unidos patrocine ante las autoridades de inmigracià ³n al empleado extranjero. Mediante la visa EB-1 para profesores e investigadores de extraordinaria capacidad y gerentes o ejecutivos de multinacionales.Por la EB-2 para licenciados con al menos cinco aà ±os de experiencia laboral o con una habilidad excepcional en Arte, Negocios o Ciencias.Mediante la EB-3 para licenciados, trabajadores con formacià ³n profesional que requiere al menos dos aà ±os de estudios prcticos o de experiencia laboral y tambià ©n para trabajadores sin ningà ºn tipo de formacià ³n profesional pero que desarrollan una labor que no es temporal y para la que no hay trabajadores disponibles en Estados Unidos.   15- Green cardpor categorà ­a de inmigrantes especiales Mediante este camino instituciones y empresas estadounidenses pueden patrocinar mediante una EB-4 a las siguientes categorà ­as de trabajadores: Sacerdotes, monjas, ministros religiosos que lleven al menos dos aà ±os como tales.Periodistas, reporteros, escritores, traductores, productores y trabajadores semejantes que trabajen para el BBG (Radio Free Asia, Radio Liberty, etc).Mà ©dicos.Miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas de los Estados Unidos.Trabajadores de organizaciones internacionales.Traductores afganos e iraquà ­es.Iraquà ­es que han ayudado de alguna manera a los Estados Unidos.Empleados de la Zona del Canal de Panam.Trabajadores jubilados de la OTAN o, si han fallecido, sus viudos e hijos. 16- Green card para cubanos Obviamente, los cubanos pueden obtener la green card de todas las formas admitidas para otros nacionales, pero adems y por aplicacià ³n de la Ley de Ajuste Cubano, pueden solicitar la green card  despuà ©s de un aà ±o en Estados Unidos. Desde que se puso fin a la polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados es siendo imprescindible que el ingreso se hubiera realizado  de forma legal. En otras palabras, porque en el control migratorio se le permitià ³ el ingreso como admitido o recibià ³ un parole. 17- Green card para asilados Las personas que han ganado un caso de asilo pueden solicitar una tarjeta de residencia para sà ­ mismo y tambià ©n para su familia inmediata. 18-Green card para refugiados Las figuras de refugiado y de asilado son muy parecidas, pero hay importantes diferencias entre ellas. Los refugiados que solicitan la tarjeta de residencia para sà ­ mismos tambià ©n pueden solicitarla para familiares inmediatos. 19- Green card para và ­ctimas de violencia Se pueden beneficiar de esta opcià ³n las personas extranjeras và ­ctimas de violencia a las que previamente se les ha aprobado una visa U. En este punto hay que entender muy bien los requisitos de dicha visa, ya que da lugar a muchas confusiones.   El ser và ­ctima de violencia no da derecho, por ese mero hecho, a obtener la visa U. 20- Green card para và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica El programa VAWA abre el camino para la green card para los cà ³nyuges de ciudadanos o de residentes permanentes que han sufrido violencia domà ©stica. 21-Green card para và ­ctimas de trata de personas Para poder solicitar la tarjeta de residencia es necesario tener previamente aprobada la visa T. 22- Green card porradicar en Estados Unidos por mucho tiempo Por vivir de forma continuada en EEUU desde el uno de enero de 1972 o antes y poder demostrarlo. Es lo que se denomina residencia por el registry. En contra de lo que muchos migrantes creen, por vivir 10 aà ±os en Estados Unidos no se obtiene la green card. En algunos casos de migrantes con procedimientos de deportacià ³n abiertos, serà ­a posible obtener una cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n. 23-Green card por ser inmigrantes juveniles especiales: SIJ Los menores de 21 aà ±os que estn solteros a los que el gobierno de Estados Unidos ha colocado bajo la custodia de un guardin o de una institucià ³n pà ºblica o privada porque han sido abusados o abandonados por uno de sus padres o los dos. A este grupo de muchachos se les conoce como Inmigrantes Juveniles Especiales o SIJ, por sus siglas en inglà ©s. 24- Green card por orden judicial de un juez en Corte migratoria En un caso de deportacià ³n, un juez de inmigracià ³n puede sentenciar que el extranjero se puede quedar, ajustar su estatus y, asà ­, conseguir una tarjeta de residencia. Tiempos de demora en la tramitacià ³n de la green card Cada categorà ­a tiene sus propios tiempos. En la actualidad ms de un millà ³n de personas obtienen la green card cada aà ±o fiscal. Algunos han esperado solamente unos meses, mientras que otros han tenido que esperarse incluso ms de 25 aà ±os para que hubiera una visa de inmigrante disponible para ellos. Esto se debe a que en muchas categorà ­as existen là ­mites anuales al nà ºmero de peticiones que pueden ser aprobadas y el nà ºmero de solicitudes es superior al de visas disponibles, En estos casos se produce al demora que, cada aà ±o, aumenta ms. Cundo es posible no pagar por aplicacià ³n para la residencia En casos de residencia por circunstancias especiales (inmigrantes juveniles con este estatus reconocido, registry, visa T, visa U, etc) serà ­a posible calificar para estar exento de pagar la tarifa de este trmite migratorio para obtener la residencia. Causas por las que la tramitacià ³n no acaba bien A pesar de cumplir los requisitos para calificar para un camino para la obtencià ³n de la green card el proceso puede no completarse por diversas causas. Por ejemplo, en el caso de peticiones de familia porque no se tengan recursos suficientes para patrocinar. Pero los problemas suelen surgir porque la persona que aspira a la green card es considerada inadmisible para los Estados Unidos. Las causas pueden ser muy distintas, desde rà ©cord de delitos a estancia ilegal en el paà ­s. Dependiendo de las razones y de las circunstancias del caso, puede que sea posible solicitar un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. Pero en otros casos ser imposible. Lo mejor es asesorarse con un buen abogado. Por su frecuencia, es muy importante saber cà ³mo puede afectar la presencia ilegal en Estados Unidos, actual o en el pasado y tambià ©n los fraudes migratorios. De interà ©s para potenciales migrantes Estados Unidos es un paà ­s diferente. En muchos casos, hay leyes, costumbres, impuestos, derechos, deberes, etc se desconocen.  Y como consecuencia de esa ignorancia, en ocasiones se acaban teniendo  problemas  muy serios aun cuando no se tenà ­a la intencià ³n. Por ello, no hay nada mejor que conocer las cosas bsicas que se deben conocer y las que se deben evitar.  Si es posible  se recomienda  informarse antes de emigrar.   Es tambià ©n importante saber que vez que una persona se convierte en residente tiene que esperar un tiempo antes de aplicar por la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n. La espera depende de varios factores . Adems, es necesario tomar un examen de inglà ©s y de conocimientos cà ­vicos y de historia. Numerosas organizaciones en todo el paà ­s brindan clases gratuitas para preparar el examen para la ciudadanà ­a. Finalmente, si se est abierto a emigrar a un paà ­s que no sea Estados Unidos, estos son 20 paà ­ses en los que es posible comprar la ciudadanà ­a o/y la residencia. Las cantidades y las condiciones varà ­an entre los distintos programas. Test de respuestas mà ºltiples sobre la residencia permanente Se recomienda tomar este quiz o test de respuestas mà ºltiples, con sus respuestas correctas, para garantizar el conocimiento esencial sobre la green card. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

The Great Gatsby Essay essays

The Great Gatsby Essay essays F. Scott Fitzgerald was a man of the roaring twenties and its fast paced lifestyle. The Great Gatsby is a novel of this lifestyle and the American society of that time. There was a great bunch of optimism during this time when many were living a life of luxury or the American dream. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald shows the greedy and materialistic lifestyle lived and pursued by many Americans in the 1920s through Gatsbys parties, background, and funeral. Though Jay Gatsby has mostly lived the American Dream, his life ends in misery and unexpected death, despite his wealth and success. Gatsby throws extravagant parties in which many people from all over New York come to get drunk and have a good time. Most of Gatsbys guests are not invited, they just show up. While they are there, many people speculate about the identity of their host for no one person really knows the truth. Some have insisted that he was educated at Oxford; some, that he was an ax murderer; and some, that he was a German spy during the war. This just shows how unappreciative the guests are of Gatsby for throwing this party for them. There is tons of food and expensive hors doeuvre, plenty of lights, and a real bar indoors w/ all kinds of liquor for all who attended. Yet, no one is thankful to Gatsby for what he has provided; they just use him and the party for themselves. Not only do they not show they are thankful to him, they show no respect: Once there they were introduced by somebody who knew Gatsby and after that they conducted themselves according to the rules of behavior associated with amusement parks. Sometimes they came and went without having met Gatsby at all, came for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its own ticket of admission.(45) These guests really were not very mannerly guests at all. They came and took everything Gatsby offered and left without a care in the world about Gatsby. All ...

Australian Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Australian Company Law - Essay Example In the case of The Congregation of the Religious Sisters of Charity of Australia & Ors v The Attorney General in and for the State of Queensland [2011] QSC 100 , the Bedford Trust was a gift of land made by Mary Josephine Bedford in February 1952 to the Religious Sisters of Charity of Australia for the purpose of building of a hospice for the â€Å"sick and dying who are poor†, to be called Mount Olivet Hospice. It was also to be built to commemorate the life and work of Dr. Lillian Cooper. 2. What terms of the trust were not being fulfilled? - The evidence establishes that the terms of the trust are not presently being fulfilled in two substantial respects. First, the Mount Olivet Hospital now does not only provide palliative care but more general care. Secondly, admission is not restricted to those who are â€Å"poor†. 3. What was the applicant seeking from the Court? - The applicants sought Declarations concerning the purpose and structure of the Bedford Trust, Orders under s 106 of the Trusts Act 1973 and Orders relieving the applicants from liability for breaches of the Bedford Trust. 4. What breaches of the Bedford Trust had occurred? - No funds were transferred when the trust was settled, and the Congregation became responsible for meeting the costs of both building and operating the hospice on the land which had been donated by Miss Bedford. 5. Were the terms of the trust altered? Explain - Section 105 of the Trusts Act provides: â€Å"105 Occasions for applying property cy pres (1) Subject to subsection (2), the circumstances in which the original purposes of a charitable trust can be altered to allow the property given or part of it to be applied cy pres shall be as follows— (a) where the original purposes, in whole or in part— (i) have been as far as may be fulfilled; or (ii) can not be carried out; or (iii) can not be carried out according to the directions given and to the spirit of the trust; (b) where the original purposes provide a use for part only of the property available by virtue of the trust; (c) where the property available by virtue of the trust and other property applicable for si milar purposes can be more effectively used in conjunction, and to that end can suitably, regard being had to the spirit of the trust, be made applicable to common purposes; (d) where the original purposes were laid down by reference to an area which then was but has since ceased to be a unit for some other purpose, or by reference to a class of persons or to an area which has for any reason since ceased to be suitable, regard being had to the spirit of the trust, or to be practical in administering the trust; (e) where the original purposes, in whole or in part, have, since they were laid down— (i) been adequately provided for by other means; or (ii) ceased, as being useless or harmful to the community or for other reasons, to be in law charitable; or (iii) ceased in any other way to provide a suitable and effective method of using the property available by virtue of the trust, regard being had to the spirit of the trust. (2) Subsection (1) shall not affect the conditions wh ich must be satisfied in order that property given for charitable purposes may be applied cy pres, except in so far as those conditions require a failure of the original purposes. (3) References in subsections (1) and (2) to the original purposes of a trust shall be construed, where the application of the property given

An intriguing outdoor scene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

An intriguing outdoor scene - Essay Example Dogs and their owners can be seen as well walking or running around for a good exercise. It is a usual meeting place for people which make parks an inherent part of American society. This is why more people and organizations such as Parks for People are calling for the improvement and opening of more parks. â€Å"City parks and open space improve our physical and psychological health, strengthen our communities, and make our cities and neighborhoods more attractive places to live and work† (Sherer, 2006, p.6). These parks contribute more than we realize, even so the national parks that are part of the â€Å"nation’s natural and cultural heritage† (The Untold Stories, 2009, par.2). The vibrancy that is apparent when people flock to the park is testament to its vital role in the community. There is no doubt that parks are ideal places where people mingle and enjoy activities without having to spend a dime. They must be preserved for the continued enjoyment of peopl e and the future generations to

Safety Health and Occupational Hazards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Safety Health and Occupational Hazards - Essay Example Welding, a major industrial process is concerned with joining metals by using a filler material. This filler material, known as the consumable is usually a coated electrode or wire. The process of melting this and the parent metal releases particulate fumes and gases, majority of which is produced from the consumable. The four most common welds are the tungsten inert gas (TIG), metal inert gas (MIG), metal active gas (MAG), and manual metal arc (MMA). (Pires et al, 2006) Some of these emissions are toxic in nature which can prove hazardous on prolonged exposure. Presently, 1-2% of workers from different professional backgrounds (some 3 million persons) are subjected to welding fume and gas action (Pires, 1996). In confined spaces, welding can be deadly, as without proper ventilation, toxic fumes and gases can be much more intense, and possibly over the respective limits for toxic substances. . In the recent years, occupational health hazards have formed the locus of intense academic study and research. The harmful effects of welding fumes have also been studied in great detail. The potency of the gas emissions depends on a number of factors like the nature of electrodes employed, the type of welding, filter metals, and also the ventilation facilities in the welding area. The emissions include metal oxide particles, gases, solvents, coatings and residues. Most of these are air borne and thus are constantly inhaled by workers. Harmful Effects of different Metals Compounds The welding fumes also contain compounds of metals like hexavalent chromium, nickel, manganese, zinc etc. It is difficult to find out the respective effects of different metals as most of tem are interrelated. (Hilton & Plumridge, 1991). But technological advancements have made it possible to draw a rough idea about each element's effect on the human body. It has been medically proven than nickel and chromium cause nausea, headaches, dizziness, thirst, fever, muscle ache, chest soreness and respiratory illnesses on short term exposure. Short term usually implies 12-24 hours, and these short term effects are generic for nearly all emissions. These effects also include gastrointestinal ailments, such as appetite loss, vomiting, cramps, and slow digestion. Nickel and Chromium fumes can also cause skin rashness and dermatitis. Nickel is also known to cause asthma, while chromium may cause sinusitis. The chronic, long term effects of fumes containing nickel and chromium still remain ambiguous, but there are vague indications that they might be carcinogenic in nature i.e. they might act as cancer causing agents. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has declared that some forms of hexavalent chromium, nickel and their inorganic compounds be considered carcinogenic.(American Welding Society, 2003) As a matter of fact, the long term effects of welding smoke in general remain disputes. Though there are reasons to believe that prolonged exposure might lead to immunosuppression, lung cancer development,

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay Example for Free

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay Soldiers involved in a war are faced with many difficult situations, which they can mostly not avoid. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a common phenomenon among the soldiers since while in the war, they face some life threatening experiences. Many of the American soldiers who return from the war are faced with serious mental disorders that not only affects them, but their family members as well. The individuals suffering from PTSD can experience cases of nightmares and flashbacking on the events that happened in the war. Frequent flashbacks and nightmares can make it look so realistic that its effect is that the individual may withdraw from the family members and friends. Such an individual may also become less concerned with the daily activities (Moon, n. d). There are other diseases that are associated with the PTSD that can have severe effect on a soldier. For instance, a veteran may experience such cases as depression, face physical or even mental problems. At some instances, the veterans turn to drug and substance abuse so that they can relieve their problems. It is usually the joy of every family to have their members back after participating in a war. However, after the celebration, and things turn back to normal, it is when the family members can realize a different in the way the veteran behaves which might be completely different from the behaviors before deployment. These can be directly linked to the trauma the veteran faced during the war. Apart from having nightmares and flashbacks of what happened during the war, the veteran might feel a lot of anxiety and panic. They might as well have some very distressing thoughts and emotional numbing, which might contribute to abusing drugs. In essence, when a family member changes the usual behavior, it will either positively or negatively affect the other family members (Moon, n. d). With PTSD, when the symptoms are severe, they might cause the family members to be disrupted in the way they carry out their normal activities. This can mostly be experienced when the family members in one way or another react to how the veteran is behaving. Different family members can react differently on the way their loved one is affected by PTSD. If there is no good measure that is undertaken to deal with the traumatized veteran, then it is possible that the trauma might be spread to other family members. Family members are the first to provide support, love and caring for the veterans experiencing PTSD. This can help to keep in check some reactions such as drug and substance abuse. Furthermore, it is necessary that the family members monitor the behaviors among themselves to ensure that none is affected by the PTSD that is being experienced by the veteran. However, it might occur that at a time, the symptoms either to the veteran or the other affected family members are apparent, hence calling for treatment (Tull, 2008). To treat the veteran, the present problems have to be first of all assessed. It is advisable that the family members participate in the treatment exercise, especially if some members have been affected by the symptoms. In creating the treatment, family members, the therapist and the affected veteran should be involved. The aim of the treatment plan is to help the victim and the family members learn to cope with the situation.

The Story of Saint Catherine’s Prison :: Saint Catherine

The Story of Saint Catherine’s Prison â€Å"Near Famagusta is another city called Salamis, set on the seashore, where there was once a noble and wealthy city. It is there that St. Catherine was born and her tomb remains still.† ~ German priest Ludolf von Suchen of Westphalia In the 12th century, the story of the beloved St. Catherine was brought to Europe by the Crusaders returning from their battles in the East. She was from a noble blood line of Roman emperors and her father was Constantine, King of Salamis. In 290 A.D. Constantine was appointed the new ruler of Egypt. When Constantine left to rule Egypt, he decided to leave his brother in charge of the Salamis kingdom. Unexpectedly, Constantine died in Alexandria, Egypt. During this time, Catherine converted to Christianity and her conversion sent her uncle, the interim king, into a rage. He had Catherine imprisoned in Salamis, later in Paphos, and finally Alexandria, Egypt. She was brought before the new Alexandrian emperor, Emperor Maxentius, who had replaced her deceased father. Emperor Maxentius was persecuting Christians. Catherine reprimanded him for this cruelty and asked him to stop. Insulted and astounded at Catherine’s boldness, the Emperor held Catherine prisoner at his palace. He ca lled his scholars in to try to trick her into committing heresy against the Roman religion so she could be put to death. However, she converted many of the Emperor’s scholars to Christianity with her eloquence and knowledge of religion and science. The Emperor became so outraged he had his scholars put to death and Catherine was tortured and thrown into the palace’s dungeon. The Empress, Maxentius’ wife, had heard of this extraordinary young woman. The Empress and the Emperor’s military general secretly snuck into the prison to meet and talk with Catherine. They listened to Catherine and were converted and baptized into Christianity. The Emperor discovered their secret encounter and had them, the Empress and his general, put to death. The Emperor ordered Catherine to be broken on the torturer’s wheel, yet when she touched it, it was miraculous destroyed. Distraught and infuriated, Emperor Maxentius ordered Catherine to be beheaded. After her death, her body was carried to Mount Sinai by angels and the place where Catherine’s body was found is also believed to be the site of the burning bush seen by Moses.

Antropologia de Lain Entralgo Segun sus Escritos :: Spanish Essays

RESUMEN: Se define como cuerpo a la totalidad de acciones, potencias, posibilidades, constituyentes...que al actuar como un todo integra las actividades que mediante el cuerpo somà ¡tico se realizan: la historia, la percepcià ³n, las emociones, la conducta, la amistad, el encuentro, y la relacià ³n mà ©dico enfermo. Se considera que el hombre esta vertido en la realidad, porque la versià ³n (desde el interior hacia afuera) es desde el cuerpo, por ser el hombre un ser de realidades, y por existir un mecanismo de versià ³n. La unidad psico-orgà ¡nica que constituye el hombre presenta varios momentos, unos constitutivos (basados en và ­a de fundamentacià ³n): estructural (sistema de notas psico-orgà ¡nicas), conducta (conducta humana) y personal, otros moduladores: eutà ­mico (salud) y el patolà ³gico (patologà ­a como afeccià ³n). El animal vive entre està ­mulos, mientras que el hombre al inteligir los està ­mulos los aprehende y los convierte er realidad. El mecanismo de la versià ³n es la aprehensià ³n sentiente de los està ­mulos y la inteleccià ³n de estos como reales. La persona se encuentra indigentemente arrojado en la realidad. Caracterizacià ³n del pensamiento lainiano. Laà ­n Entralgo nace en Urrea de Gaen (Teruel) en 1908, realizà ³ los estudios de Medicina y ejercià ³ como psiquiatra. Obtuvo la plaza de Catedrà ¡tico de Historia de la Medicina en la Universidad Complutense, donde ejercià ³ hasta 1978 (fecha en la que se jubilà ³). Nombrado Rector de la Universidad Complutense hasta 1956. Pertenece a las Academias de Medicina, Historia y Lengua Espaà ±ola. La antropologà ­a de Laà ­n depende del tema en concreto que se estudie, y esta basada fundamentalmente en el empirismo y en fenomenologà ­a de Merleau-Ponty. (1) Respecto a la mente humana establece una serie de teorà ­as desde el punto de vista sociolà ³gico, filosà ³fico y estructural. Dependiendo de donde parta en el estudio del hombre, es posible afirmar: La esencia del hombre esta constituida por el espà ­ritu, tal y como Max Scheller establece, (2) y que Laà ­n sigue con matizaciones. Parece inclinarse por admitir lo establecido por el pensamiento de Unamuno en el que existe alma, espà ­ritu y cuerpo, que originariamente tomà ³ de San Pablo, San Agustà ­n y Tertuliano. El hombre es capaz de simbolizacià ³n. Se determina que el hombre es capaz de utilizar los sà ­mbolos, tal y como establece Cassirer, (3) pero que en Laà ­n es mà ¡s amplio ya que afirma que no es sà ³lo Animal symbolicum, sino que es capaz de crear los sà ­mbolos (Animal symbolizans). El hombre es parte de la historia, basado inicialmente en los trabajos de Dilthey, (4) y de cuyo pensamiento llegarà ¡ a establecer Laà ­n que el hombre es desde su origen animal histà ³rico, pero que debido a ello, y por su conducta es tambien: animal racional, proyectivo o capaz de proyectar al futuro (animal proiectivum), creador (a.

Faulty Organizational Behavior in Tyco International Ltd

Most employees travel to and from the workplace each day with the ultimate goal to successfully perform their assigned job according to company standards. These company standards may include agendas, mission statements, professional conduct guidelines and even a code of ethics. How employees choose to follow company standards may govern their overall progress or success. While some may deviate from standards and fail, others may find themselves slipping through cracks unnoticed. Either way, the rules were broken. This paper will examine the failure suffered by Tyco International Ltd where leadership, management, and organizational structures were compromised. Let us start with the aftermath. According to MSNBC (2005), â€Å"Kozlowski and Swartz were accused of giving themselves more than $150 million in illegal bonuses and forgiving loans to themselves, besides manipulating the company’s stock price† (Corporate Scandals, para 14). Clearly, a scandal had hit Tyco International Ltd. Not only did former top executives slip themselves extra money, but they also toyed around with the stock prices. These actions had made the powerful men very wealthy. They also affected the lives of other individuals. During the trial, Kozlowski and Swartz pointed out that unlike WorldCom and Enron, Tyco continued to thrive as a company after the scandal (MSNBC, 2005). While this may have been a valid point, we cannot dismiss the fact that stealing, fraud, and self-indulgence had been present in the company. Now we will examine how the management, leadership, and organizational structure of Tyco International Ltd contributed to this failure. Robbins and Judge (2007) explain how managers coordinate social units of an organization in order to achieve common goals. Management performs several functions in a company that may include: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (Robbins & Judge, 2007). As mentioned above, these functions are performed within social units to achieve common goals set by the company. Should deviation occur, it becomes the manager’s responsibility to get the employees back on track. The management at Tyco International Ltd strayed off course. Instead of performing tasks for the greater good of all members of the company, top xecutives allowed self-interest to govern decision-making. While managerial functions may have remained in place, the goals of these functions became malicious. Top executives began to plan, organize, lead and control in a fashion that was not in the best interest of all company members. An important managerial function is leading. â€Å"When managers motivate employees, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channels, or resolve conflicts among members, they’re engaging in leading† (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. ). Tyco experienced a lack of honest leadership. While some of the normal leadership was maintained to ensure the overall success of the company, there were areas that were intentionally pointed in the wrong direction. The corrupt executives started to make decisions that resulted in large sums of money directed their way. Stock price adjustment and illegal bonuses represented leadership that was no longer in the best interest of the company. These leaders chose to use power in a self-gratifying way. As a result, Kozlowski and Swartz entered a case that â€Å"exposed the executive’s extravagant lifestyle after they pilfered some $600 million from the company including a $2 million toga party for Kozlowski’s wife on a Mediterranean island and an $18 million Manhattan apartment with a $6,000 shower curtain† (MSNBC, 2005). These men were making decisions that did not reflect the company’s overall goal for success. The unlawful actions represented the misuse of leadership. Tyco International Ltd experienced a disruption in organizational behavior as a result of this scandal. Organizational behavior is concerned with actions of people and how these specific actions and behaviors affect the overall performance of the company (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Kozlowski and Swartz exhibited corrupt behavior and illegal actions for their benefit. Their actions caused a scandal that changed the way that the public and company members viewed Tyco International Ltd. Unethical practices led to fraud, stealing, and eventually perjury (MSNBC, 2005). Overall, these men undermined the values and standards of the company. They were prosecuted and Tyco International Ltd was able to move forward. Today, Tyco International Ltd has an ethical standard in place. According to Verschoor (2006), â€Å"Against a dismal backdrop of corrupted ethics and failed governance, Ed Breen, Tyco chairman and CEO, began the process of ethical reform when he joined the company in the middle of 2002† (p. 15). Tyco now has four core values that include: integrity, excellence, teamwork, and accountability. These values are listed and explained in the 40-page booklet titled The Tyco Guide to Ethical Conduct: Doing the Right Thing (Verschoor, 2006). Employees are urged to report any unethical actions and must remain compliant with all standards. Unlike other businesses faced with scandal, Tyco survived. Managers realized the need for installing strict rules and standards that would require enforcement. As a result, the organizational behavior of Tyco became more stable. New standards make it more difficult for unethical behavior to slip by and cause scandal. Tyco International Ltd turned a negative situation into a learning experience. References MSNBC.  (2005).  Ex-Tyco executives get up to 25 years in prison.  Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9399803/ns/business-corporate_scandals Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2007). Organizational Behavior (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Verschoor, C. C. (2006,  April). Tyco: An Ethical Metamorphosis. Strategic Finance, 87(10), 15-16.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Superstition essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Superstition essays The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Superstition In the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, there is a lot of superstition. Some examples of superstition in the book are Huck killing a spider which is bad luck, the hairball used to tell fortunes, and the rattlesnake skin Huck touches that brings Huck and Jim good and bad luck. Superstition plays an important role in the book Huck Finn. Huck sees a spider crawling up his shoulder, so he flipped it off and it went into the flame of the candle. Before he could get it out, it was already dead. Huck knew it was a bad sign and it would give him bad luck. Huck got scared and shook his clothes off, and turned in his tracks three times. He then tied a lock of his hair with a thread to keep the witches away. "You do that when you've lost a horseshoe that you've found, instead of nailing it up over the door, but I hadn't ever heard anybody say it was any way to keep of bad luck when you'd killed a spider." Huck sees Pap's footprints in the snow. So Huck goes to Jim to ask him why Pap is here. Jim gets a hairball that is the size of a fist that he took from an ox's stomach. Jim asks the hairball why is Pap here? But the hairball didnt answer. Jim said it needs money, so Huck gives Jim a fake quarter. Jim puts the quarter under the hairball. The hairball talks to Jim and Jim tells Huck that it says. "Yo'ole father doan' know yit what he's a-gwyne to do. Sometimes he spec he'll go 'way, en den ag'in he spec he'll stay. De bes' way is tores' easy en let de ole man take his own way. Dey's two angles hoverin' roun' 'bout him. One uv'em is white en shiny, en t'other one is black. De white one gits him to go right a little while, den de black one sil in en gust it all up. A body can't tell yit which one gwyne to fetch him at de las'. But you is all right. You gwyne to have considable trouble in yo' life, en considable joy. Sometimes you gwyne to git hurt, en sometimes you gwyne to git ...

Timeline of Major Events in the History of Persia

Timeline of Major Events in the History of Persia This Persia timeline of major events is based on a Library of Congress Persia timeline. For an introduction to this area now generally known as Iran see Extent of the Persian Empire: An Introduction to Ancient Persia and the Persian Empire. Iran (Persia) Timeline of Important Events Early Historyc. 3400 B.C.Elamite kingdom emerges in southwestern Iran and Mesopotamia.c. 2000 B.C.Nomadic peoples Scythians, Medes, and Persians move from Central Asia to Iranian plateau. [See Tribes of the Ancient Steppes.]6th Century B.C.c. 553-550 B.C. Cyrus II (Cyrus the Great) overthrows Median king; becomes ruler of Persia and Media; founds Achaemenid Empire.539 B.C.Cyrus captures Babylon, releases Jews from captivity.525 B.C.Cyruss son Cambyses II conquers Egypt.522 B.C.Darius I becomes king; re-establishes and extends empire, carries out administrative reorganization.5th Century B.C.490 B.C. Darius invades Greek mainland; defeated at the Battle of Marathon.4th Century B.C.334 B.C. Alexander the Great begins Persian campaign; completes conquest of Persia and Mesoptamia, 330 B.C.323 B.C.Death of Alexander; division of empire among generals; Seleucids emerge as principal heirs in Iran.3rd Century B.C.247 B.C. Parthians overthrow Seleucids; establish own dynasty.3rd Century A.D .A.D. 224 Ardeshir overthrows last Parthian ruler; establishes Sassanian dynasty with capital at Ctesiphon.A.D. 260Shahpur I wages campaign against Romans, takes emperor Valerian captive. 7th Century637 Muslim armies capture Ctesiphon, Sassanian Empire begins to crumble.641-42 Sassanian army defeated at Nahavand; Iran comes under Muslim rule. Related AchaemenidsSeleucidsThe Parthian EmpireThe SassanidsProblems of Historical Evidence About Ancient PersiaTimeline of the Greco-Persian Wars

Jimmy Carter- Facts on the 39th President

Jimmy Carter- Facts on the 39th President Here is a quick list of fast facts for Jimmy Carter. For more in depth information, you can also read the Jimmy Carter Biography. Birth: October 1, 1924 Death: Term of Office: January 20, 1977 - January 20, 1981 Number of Terms Elected: 1 Term First Lady: Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Chart of the First Ladies Jimmy Carter Quote: Human rights is the soul of our foreign policy, because human rights is the very soul of our sense of nationhood.Additional Jimmy Carter Quotes Election of 1976: Carter ran against incumbent Gerald Ford against the backdrop of the United States Bicentennial. The fact that Ford had pardoned Richard Nixon of all wrongdoing after he had resigned from the presidency caused his approval rating to severely drop. Carters outsider status worked in his favor. Further, while Ford performed well in their first presidential debate, he committed a gaffe in the second concerning Poland and the Soviet Union that continued to haunt him through the rest of the campaign.   The election ended up being very close. Carter won the popular vote by two percentage points.  The electoral vote was very close. Carter held 23 states with 297 electoral votes. On the other hand, Ford won 27 states and 240 electoral votes. There was one faithless elector representing Washington who voted for Ronald Reagan instead of Ford.   Major Events While in Office: Vietnam War era draft evaders pardoned (1977)Panama Canal Treaty (1977)Camp David Accords (1978)US officially recognizes Peoples Republic of China (1979)Three Mile Island incident (1979)Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-81) States Entering Union While in Office: None Significance of Jimmy Carters Presidency: One of the big issues that Carter dealt with during his administration was energy. He created the Department of Energy and named its first Secretary. In addition, after the Three Mile Island incident, he oversaw stricter regulations for Nuclear Energy plants.   In 1978,  Carter  held peace talks at Camp David between Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin which ended in a formal peace treaty between the two countries in 1979. In addition, America formally established diplomatic relations between China and the U.S.   On November 4, 1979, 60 Americans were taken hostage when the U.S. embassy in Teheran, Iran was taken. 52 of these hostages were held for longer than a year. Oil imports were halted and economic sanctions were imposed. Carter staged a rescue attempt in 1980. Unfortunately, three of the helicopters used in the rescue malfunctioned, and they were unable to proceed. The Ayatollah Khomeini finally agreed to let the hostages go if the US would unfreeze Iranian assets. However, he did not complete the release until Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as president.   Related Jimmy Carter Resources: These additional resources on Jimmy Carter can provide you with further information about the president and his times. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the presidents, vice-presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: Gerald FordRonald ReaganList of American Presidents